Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.0K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.0K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

1.8K
1.8K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

12.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
12.0K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.6K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.6K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

8.9K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
8.9K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.0K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the MEFIER Score in Identifying Patients at High Risk of Endocarditis in <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Bacteremia.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

autoFISH: a modular toolbox for sequential single-molecule RNA FISH experiments.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

RNA2seg: a generalist model for cell segmentation in image-based spatial transcriptomics.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

[A perspective on the year 2025 by hospital internists].

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same journal

Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling Role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Sword.

Biology of the cell·2026
Same journal

Wnt Stimulation and Inhibition in the Development and Phenotype of Patient-Derived Gallbladder Organoids.

Biology of the cell·2026
Same journal

From Genomic Alterations to Functional Tumor Biology: Integrating Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip in Colorectal Cancer.

Biology of the cell·2026
Same journal

Delta-Cell Area is Unchanged in Human Pregnancy: Evidence From Immunohistochemistry.

Biology of the cell·2026
Same journal

Rearrangement of the Cell Chaperone Machinery in Human Fibrosarcoma HT1080 Cells With the Knocked-Out HSP90AA1 Gene Encoding Hsp90α.

Biology of the cell·2026
Same journal

STAT Signaling and Its Anti-Apoptotic Effects in Dehydrated Xenopus laevis.

Biology of the cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.0K

PRC1 components exhibit different binding kinetics in Polycomb bodies.

Bernard Vandenbunder1, Nicolas Fourré, Aymeric Leray

  • 1Biophotonique Cellulaire Fonctionnelle, Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Lille 1 - CNRS USR 3078, Parc de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59658, France.

Biology of the Cell
|January 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain cell identity. This study reveals PcG protein dynamics within nuclear Polycomb bodies in human cells, uncovering their role in gene silencing and chromatin binding.

Keywords:
Binding kineticsDiffusionFRAPPolycomb bodiesTranscriptional regulation

More Related Videos

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

34.4K
An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria
07:02

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

5.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.0K
Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

34.4K
An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria
07:02

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

5.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are crucial for maintaining cell identity by repressing target genes.
  • In Drosophila, PcG proteins form nuclear Polycomb bodies that act as gene silencing compartments.
  • The dynamic organization and function of Polycomb bodies in mammalian cells require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic organization and function of Polycomb bodies in human cells.
  • To understand the behavior of Polycomb group proteins within and outside nuclear foci.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescently tagged Polycomb group proteins (CBXs, BMI1, RING1) in human U2OS cells.
  • Employed Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) analysis to assess protein dynamics.
  • Quantified recovery curves inside and outside Polycomb foci.

Main Results:

  • Polycomb group proteins form nuclear foci of varying sizes and intensities.
  • PcG protein dynamics outside foci are characterized by diffusion and transient binding.
  • FRAP analysis revealed significantly slower and more variable recovery kinetics within Polycomb foci.
  • The stability of foci correlated with the number of binding sites, with CBX4-GFP foci being more stable than CBX8-GFP foci.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) recovery curves offer insights into Polycomb group protein binding to target genes.
  • FRAP data suggests Polycomb spreading onto chromatin within Polycomb foci.
  • The study elucidates the dynamic nature and functional implications of Polycomb bodies in mammalian cells.