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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Polymyalgia rheumatica--diagnosis and classification.

Gideon Nesher1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine A and the Rheumatology Service, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|January 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a common inflammatory condition in older adults, characterized by shoulder and hip stiffness. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and lab tests, with low-dose glucocorticoids as the primary treatment.

Keywords:
Giant cell arteritisGlucocorticoidsMorning stiffnessSedimentation rate

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the most prevalent inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting the elderly.
  • PMR shares significant pathogenetic and epidemiological characteristics with giant cell arteritis.
  • The condition typically presents with bilateral shoulder girdle aching and morning stiffness, potentially involving the neck and hip girdles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approach to polymyalgia rheumatica.
  • To highlight key clinical features and diagnostic criteria.
  • To emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by laboratory evidence of acute-phase reactant elevation.
  • Diagnostic and classification criteria have been proposed by various research groups.
  • Exclusion of mimicking conditions, such as elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis, is crucial.

Main Results:

  • No single diagnostic test exists for polymyalgia rheumatica.
  • Clinical presentation and laboratory findings are key to diagnosis.
  • Differential diagnosis is essential to rule out other conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica diagnosis is predominantly clinical, aided by specific criteria.
  • Effective management involves low-dose glucocorticoids, typically 15-20 mg of prednisone daily.
  • Careful monitoring and exclusion of other rheumatic diseases are vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment.