Dietary patterns and 1-h post-load glucose in essential hypertension

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Health

Background:

• Normoglucose-tolerant (NGT) individuals with a 1-hour post-load glucose (PLG) ≥ 155 mg/dL are at increased risk for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and sub-clinical organ damage.
• Specific dietary factors influence insulin sensitivity and T2D risk, but their effect on 1-h PLG in hypertensive NGT individuals is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of dietary patterns on 1-h PLG in hypertensive normoglucose-tolerant individuals.
• To identify specific dietary components that predict 1-h PLG levels in different NGT subgroups.

Main Methods:

• 188 subjects (94 NGTs < 155 mg/dL and 94 NGTs ≥ 155 mg/dL PLG) were selected and matched for age, gender, and BMI.
• Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index.
• Dietary intake was quantified using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FEQ).

Main Results:

• The NGT ≥ 155 group exhibited significantly reduced insulin sensitivity compared to the NGT < 155 group.
• Significant differences in the consumption of starch, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fructose, and oligosaccharides were observed between groups.
• Starch was the primary predictor of 1-h PLG in the overall population. Fructose was the strongest predictor in the NGT < 155 group, while SFAs and PUFAs were major predictors in the NGT ≥ 155 group.

Conclusions:

• Dietary patterns significantly influence 1-h PLG levels in normoglucose-tolerant individuals.
• Both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of diet are important for metabolic health and T2D risk stratification.