High-performance Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4) electrodes for chlorine evolution: preparation and characteristics

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Environmental Engineering

Background:

• Electrochemical chlorine evolution is crucial for water disinfection and wastewater treatment.
• Dimensionally stable anodes require high stability and chlorine evolution efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel, cost-effective Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4) electrode for chlorine evolution.
• To investigate its physicochemical, electrochemical, and performance characteristics.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication and characterization of the Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4) electrode.
• Electrochemical testing for chlorine evolution efficiency and stability.
• Analysis of electrocatalytic activity and deactivation mechanisms.

Main Results:

• The novel electrode exhibited strong chlorine evolution ability with high current efficiency (87.3%–93.4%).
• Achieved an accelerated service life of 180 hours at 10,000 A m⁻² in 0.5 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄.
• Observed in-situ conversion of Pb(3)O(4) to β-PbO(2), enhancing anti-corrosion and preventing lead ion leakage.

Conclusions:

• The Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4) electrode is a promising, stable, and efficient material for electrochemical chlorine evolution.
• The in-situ transformation mechanism contributes to its enhanced performance and safety.