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Neuropeptides and immunity.

A Stanisz1, R Scicchitano, R Stead

  • 1Molecular Virology & Immunology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

The American Review of Respiratory Disease
|December 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Neuropeptides significantly influence immunoglobulin synthesis and mast cell activity. Substance P enhances immunoglobulin A (IgA) production, while nerve growth factor promotes mast cell growth and histamine release.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neuropeptides modulate immune responses, affecting immunoglobulin synthesis and mast cell function.
  • Previous research indicated neuropeptide influence on immune cells and mast cell secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific effects of various neuropeptides on immunoglobulin synthesis in different lymphocyte populations.
  • To explore the relationship between peptidergic nerves and immune effector cells, particularly mast cells.
  • To determine the impact of nerve growth factor on mast cell activity and proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo studies using lymphocytes from various tissues and mast cells.
  • Administration of specific neuropeptides (Substance P, Somatostatin, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).

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  • Assays for immunoglobulin synthesis, mast cell secretion, histamine release, and mast cell hyperplasia/colony formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Substance P significantly enhanced immunoglobulin synthesis, particularly IgA in Peyer's patch cells.
    • Somatostatin exhibited inhibitory effects, while Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide's effects were cell-source dependent.
    • Neuropeptide-containing nerves showed structural associations with intestinal mast cells.
    • Nerve Growth Factor promoted antigen-mediated histamine release and mast cell hyperplasia in vitro and in vivo.
    • NGF increased mast cell/basophil colony formation from human peripheral blood.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuropeptides play a crucial role in regulating immune functions, with distinct effects based on the peptide and immune cell source.
    • A close anatomical and functional relationship exists between peptidergic nerves and mast cells.
    • Nerve Growth Factor directly impacts mast cells, influencing their proliferation and reactivity, suggesting a role in neuro-immune interactions.