Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

Published on: December 22, 2023

Visualizing Vpr-induced G2 arrest and apoptosis.

Tomoyuki Murakami¹, Yoko Aida¹

¹Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan ; Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama, Japan.

|January 28, 2014

Summary

The accessory protein Vpr from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This study visualizes Vpr

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Impact of proviral integration of bovine leukemia virus near oncogenes on the early onset of lymphoma in cattle under 3 years of age.

Veterinary microbiology·2026

Same author

The gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein of HIV-1 Triggers Macropinocytosis in Primary CD4+ T Cells to Promote HIV-1 Infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Distribution and influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting bovine leukemia virus proviral load in semen and progeny derived from semen in Japanese Black cattle.

The Journal of veterinary medical science·2026

Same author

Iodinated Contrast Media-From Clinical Use to Environmental Concern and Treatment Possibilities.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Diversity of Integration Sites of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) and Roles of Genes Related to Development of BLV-Induced Lymphoma in a Large Cohort.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

First Identification of <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> Alleles Associated with Differential Susceptibility to Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection and Proviral Load in Chinese Holstein Cattle.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Area of Science:

Virology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Vpr is a crucial accessory protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Vpr's functions include inducing G2 cell cycle arrest, vital for HIV-1 replication.
Vpr also regulates apoptosis, contributing to immune suppression and pathogenesis in HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temporal relationship between Vpr-induced G2 arrest and apoptosis.
To visualize the dynamics of Vpr-induced G2 arrest and apoptosis using live-cell imaging.
To determine if Vpr-induced apoptosis is dependent on its G2 arrest capability.

Main Methods:

Time-lapse imaging of HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator 2 (Fucci2).

More Related Videos

Long-term Live-cell Imaging to Assess Cell Fate in Response to Paclitaxel

Long-term Live-cell Imaging to Assess Cell Fate in Response to Paclitaxel

Published on: May 14, 2018

Author Spotlight: Developing Multiplexed Kinetic Assays for Organoid-Based Drug Response Analysis

Author Spotlight: Developing Multiplexed Kinetic Assays for Organoid-Based Drug Response Analysis

Published on: January 5, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

Published on: December 22, 2023

Long-term Live-cell Imaging to Assess Cell Fate in Response to Paclitaxel

Long-term Live-cell Imaging to Assess Cell Fate in Response to Paclitaxel

Published on: May 14, 2018

Author Spotlight: Developing Multiplexed Kinetic Assays for Organoid-Based Drug Response Analysis

Author Spotlight: Developing Multiplexed Kinetic Assays for Organoid-Based Drug Response Analysis

Published on: January 5, 2024

Utilized adenoviral vectors for Vpr expression.

Employed a destabilizing domain fusion Vpr with Shield1 for reversibility studies.

Visualized caspase-3 activation using SCAT3.1, a caspase-3-sensitive fusion protein.

Main Results:

Vpr induces G2 cell cycle arrest and subsequent mitotic abnormalities, including nuclear mis-segregation.
Apoptosis was observed after prolonged mitosis and nuclear mis-segregation, not during S or G2 phases.
Vpr-induced apoptosis is caspase-3 dependent.
The effects of Vpr on G2 arrest and apoptosis were found to be reversible.

Conclusions:

Vpr induces G2 arrest and subsequent apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway.
Vpr-induced apoptosis is a downstream event following prolonged mitosis and nuclear mis-segregation, not directly linked to S or G2 arrest.
The dynamic visualization revealed the temporal sequence and reversibility of Vpr's effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis.