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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Human dyskerin: beyond telomeres.

Alberto Angrisani, Rosario Vicidomini, Mimmo Turano

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    |January 29, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human dyskerin protein is vital for RNA processing and telomere maintenance. This review highlights its overlooked roles in H/ACA sno/scaRNP complexes, impacting RNA function and cellular regulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Human dyskerin is a conserved protein involved in H/ACA snoRNPs, scaRNPs, and telomerase.
    • Dyskerin deficiency causes X-linked dyskeratosis congenita; overexpression is linked to cancers.
    • Its role in telomere maintenance is known, but functions in H/ACA sno/scaRNP complexes are less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the overlooked functions of human dyskerin as a component of H/ACA sno/scaRNP complexes.
    • To explore the interplay between snoRNA/microRNA pathways and dyskerin-dependent RNA pseudouridylation.
    • To propose a model for the regulation of H/ACA RNP assembly and nuclear import.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing evidence on dyskerin's functions.

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  • Analysis of studies investigating RNA pseudouridylation and its impact on RNA function.
  • Speculative modeling of H/ACA RNP dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Dyskerin-dependent RNA pseudouridylation is a flexible mechanism modulating RNA functions.
    • Pseudouridylation impacts RNA splicing, mRNA coding properties, and IRES-dependent translation.
    • Evidence suggests interlacing between snoRNA/microRNA pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Dyskerin's roles in H/ACA sno/scaRNP complexes are crucial for cellular regulation.
    • RNA pseudouridylation by dyskerin offers a versatile mechanism for controlling RNA activity.
    • Cytoplasmic regulation of H/ACA RNP assembly and nuclear import is critical for cellular responses.