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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
2.9K
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
924
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.8K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.8K
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

2.7K
Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
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Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
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High-throughput search for new permanent magnet materials.

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    Researchers developed a new method to discover novel hard magnetic materials, potentially reducing reliance on rare-earth elements. This approach efficiently synthesizes and analyzes new phases for cost-effective, long-lasting magnets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid State Physics
    • Magnetism

    Background:

    • High-performance permanent magnets, such as those based on Iron-Neodymium-Boron (Fe-Nd-B), face limitations in cost-effectiveness and longevity due to their significant rare-earth (RE) content.
    • There is a substantial demand for novel hard magnetic phases that utilize more abundant RE metals, contain reduced RE concentrations, or are entirely RE-free.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an efficient strategy for discovering new hard magnetic phases, prioritizing the search space and employing effective synthesis and analysis techniques.
    • To identify novel magnetic materials that offer improved cost-effectiveness and durability compared to current rare-earth-based magnets.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized heterogeneous non-equilibrium diffusion couples and reaction sintering for efficient synthesis of new phases.
    • Employed quantitative microstructure analysis, specifically focusing on the domain pattern of hard magnetic phases.
    • Estimated intrinsic magnetic parameters, including saturation polarization, anisotropy constant, and Curie temperature, from domain structure characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the feasibility of efficient synthesis of novel hard magnetic phases using the proposed methods.
    • Established a correlation between the domain structure of magnetic phases and their intrinsic magnetic properties.
    • Successfully visualized newly discovered hard magnetic phases through their characteristic domain structures.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed approach enables efficient scanning of multi-component alloy systems for new hard magnetic phases.
    • The correlation between domain structure and magnetic properties allows for the evaluation of the industrial relevance of novel magnetic materials.
    • This research paves the way for discovering cost-effective and durable magnetic materials, potentially reducing dependence on rare-earth elements.