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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements01:27

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
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OverviewElements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally-occurring, and fewer still are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.The Periodic Table Provides Information...
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
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Nickel and human health.

Barbara Zambelli1, Stefano Ciurli

  • 1Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, barbara.zambelli@unibo.it.

Metal Ions in Life Sciences
|January 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Nickel is both essential and toxic to humans, impacting health through allergies, cancer, and infections. This review details nickel

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Human Health

Background:

  • Nickel is a naturally occurring element with a dual role, acting as both an essential micronutrient and a toxicant.
  • Exposure to nickel can occur through natural sources and human activities, necessitating an understanding of its impact on biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted impact of nickel on human health.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying nickel's essentiality and toxicity.
  • To discuss nickel exposure, uptake, and its health consequences, including allergies, carcinogenesis, and infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on nickel's biological effects.
  • Analysis of nickel's role in natural and anthropogenic contexts.

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  • Examination of molecular mechanisms of nickel toxicity and essentiality.

    • Main Results:

    • Nickel exposure presents significant health risks, including allergic reactions and increased cancer risk.
    • Nickel is crucial for certain microbial enzymes, highlighting its essentiality for gut microbiota.
    • Understanding nickel's dual nature is key to managing its health implications.

    Conclusions:

    • Nickel's impact on human health is complex, ranging from essentiality for microbial life to toxicity in humans.
    • Further research into nickel's molecular mechanisms can inform strategies for mitigating adverse health effects and harnessing its benefits.