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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226
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Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226

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Type 2 innate lymphoid cells drive CD4+ Th2 cell responses.

Ananda S Mirchandani1, Anne-Gaelle Besnard, Edwin Yip

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Infection, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|January 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a reciprocal relationship between CD4(+) T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). CD4(+) T cells promote ILC2 cytokine production, while ILC2s enhance CD4(+) T cell activation and Th2 differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells are classified by cytokine profiles.
  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) produce similar cytokines, but their relationship with Th cells is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional relationship between CD4(+) T cells and type 2 ILCs.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of mutual stimulation between these cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry to identify cell populations.
  • In vitro co-culture assays to assess cell interactions.
  • In vivo cotransfer experiments in mice.

Main Results:

  • CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 stimulates type 2 cytokine production by type 2 ILCs.
  • Type 2 ILCs promote Th2 differentiation and suppress Th1 differentiation of naive T cells via cell contact.
  • Type 2 ILCs express MHC class II and can present antigens in vitro.
  • Type 2 ILCs enhance CD4(+) T cell responses to antigens in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • CD4(+) T cells and type 2 ILCs engage in a bidirectional stimulatory loop.
  • Type 2 ILCs play a significant role in modulating adaptive T cell responses.