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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation
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HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Li Zhou1, Nitin K Saksena1

  • 1Retroviral Genetics Division, Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney , Australia.

Infectious Disease Reports
|January 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can cause neurocognitive disorders (HAND) with motor and cognitive deficits. This review clarifies HAND pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment impacts, aiding future research.

Keywords:
HIV associated dementiaHIV associated neurocognitive disordersblood brain barrierchemokinecytokinemacrophagesoluble factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is linked to significant neurocognitive impairments.
  • Neurocognitive deficits, including motor impairments and cognitive decline, are prevalent in infected individuals.
  • The exact mechanisms driving HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
  • To elucidate the pathogenesis of HAND and HIV-associated dementia (HAD).
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria and the impact of antiretroviral therapy on HAND/HAD.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a comprehensive literature review.
  • It synthesizes existing research on HIV neuroinvasion and its neurological consequences.
  • The review examines the influence of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on HAND and HAD.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 infection frequently leads to a spectrum of neurocognitive impairments.
  • Current understanding of HAND pathogenesis requires further elucidation.
  • Highly-active antiretroviral therapy has shown an influence on the progression of HIV-associated dementia (HAD).

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of HAND, particularly HAD, is crucial for clinical practice.
  • Further research into HAND pathogenesis is necessary for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge to guide future investigations and therapeutic interventions for HAND.