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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Symptomatic carpal coalition: scaphotrapezial joint.

Erin Campaigniac1, Mark Eskander, Marci Jones

  • 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Orthopedics, Worcester, MA. cooley.erin@gmail.com.

American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.)
|January 29, 2014
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Summary

Carpal coalition, a rare congenital condition, usually causes no symptoms. Surgical treatment of a symptomatic scaphotrapezial joint coalition effectively relieved pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Hand surgery

Background:

  • Carpal coalition is a rare congenital abnormality resulting from incomplete separation of carpal bone precursors.
  • It is typically asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on radiographs, often presenting bilaterally.

Observation:

  • This report details a case of symptomatic unilateral carpal coalition affecting the scaphotrapezial joint.
  • The patient presented with pain and functional limitation attributed to this specific carpal coalition.

Findings:

  • Surgical excision of the fibrous coalition was performed.
  • An interposition fat graft was utilized to reconstruct the joint space.

Implications:

  • This surgical approach effectively alleviated the patient's symptoms.
  • It suggests a viable treatment option for symptomatic scaphotrapezial joint coalition.