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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

86
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
86
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

25
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
25
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

271
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
271

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Acute viral hepatitis - should the current screening strategy be modified?

Heli Harvala1, Vincent Wong1, Peter Simmonds2

  • 1Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, UK.

Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
|January 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is now a more common cause of acute hepatitis than hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the UK. Initial testing for acute hepatitis should include HEV screening.

Keywords:
Acute hepatitisCMVEBVHAVHepatitis EVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Viral hepatitis epidemiology has shifted, with declining rates of hepatitis A (HAV) and B (HBV) due to vaccination.
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is emerging as a significant cause of acute hepatitis, yet diagnostic testing remains limited.
  • Understanding current viral hepatitis prevalence is crucial for updating diagnostic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary viral etiologies of acute hepatitis.
  • To inform the revision of the existing diagnostic algorithm for acute hepatitis.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective data analysis of patients tested for HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV, and CMV between June 2010 and December 2012.
  • Collected data included virological test results and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels within five days of virological testing.
  • Utilized Cognos search to collate data from 3462 subjects with suspected acute viral hepatitis.

Main Results:

  • Only 25% of subjects (n=854) exhibited biochemical evidence of acute hepatitis (ALT > 100 IU/l).
  • Acute HEV infections were detected more frequently (25/409) than HAV (6/3462) and HBV (24/3462) infections.
  • Most HAV, HEV, EBV, and CMV infections presented with elevated ALT levels; EBV was often linked to lymphadenopathy, while CMV was not.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) screening should be integrated into the initial diagnostic panel for acute hepatitis.
  • Targeted screening for HAV and HEV in patients with abnormal ALT levels could optimize diagnostic resources.
  • Updating diagnostic algorithms is essential to address the changing landscape of viral hepatitis.