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Updated: May 3, 2026

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension
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Weighing nanoparticles in solution at the attogram scale.

Selim Olcum1, Nathan Cermak, Steven C Wasserman

  • 1Departments of Biological Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Mechanical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced nanomechanical resonators for precise nanoparticle mass measurement in solution. This breakthrough achieves 0.85 attogram resolution, enabling detailed analysis of exosomes and DNA nanostructures.

Keywords:
NEMSmechanical oscillatorsmicrofluidicsnanoparticle characterization

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanomechanical resonators offer high-precision mass sensing for individual nanoparticles, but performance degrades in solution.
  • Previous suspended nanochannel resonators achieved 27 attogram resolution, limiting applications in aqueous environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To significantly improve the mass resolution of nanomechanical resonators for nanoparticle characterization in solution.
  • To enable precise quantification of small nanoparticles (down to 10 nm) and increase throughput.

Main Methods:

  • Advancements in suspended micro- and nanochannel resonator technology.
  • Achieving a noise equivalent mass resolution of 0.85 attograms in a 1-kHz bandwidth, near the thermomechanical noise limit.

Main Results:

  • Resolution improved over 30-fold compared to previous studies.
  • Enabled precise quantification of nanoparticles as small as 10 nm.
  • Achieved high throughput of over 18,000 particles per hour.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced resonators provide vacuum-level precision for nanoparticle analysis in aqueous solutions.
  • Demonstrated utility in comparing exosome mass distributions from different cell types.
  • Validated for characterizing self-assembled DNA nanoparticle structures.