Anti-cancer agent-induced nephrotoxicity

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cancer patients are susceptible to renal injuries from both the disease and its treatments.
• Nephrotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of anti-cancer therapies, leading to diverse renal dysfunctions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the incidence, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of anti-cancer agent-induced renal dysfunction.
• To focus on both novel and traditional anti-cancer agents commonly used in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anti-cancer agents and their impact on renal function.
• Analysis of mechanisms of renal injury caused by specific chemotherapy drugs.

Main Results:

• Identified a range of renal abnormalities, including glomerular/tubular dysfunction, hypertension, and endocrine disturbances.
• Discussed frequently used agents: bevacizumab, gefitinib, gemcitabine, imatinib, rituximab, trastuzumab, cisplatin, methotrexate, ifosfamide, and taxanes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the mechanisms of drug-induced nephrotoxicity is crucial for developing safer anti-cancer agents.
• Effective management and prevention strategies are essential for mitigating renal complications in cancer patients.