Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

5.0K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.0K
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

1.9K
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
1.9K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

3.9K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
3.9K
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

5.3K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
5.3K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

6.7K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
6.7K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

3.8K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine across multiple organ systems: a narrative review.

La Clinica terapeutica·2026
Same author

Experimental evidence of life history trade-offs during ultra-endurance physical activity.

Evolutionary human sciences·2026
Same author

Role of GIRK2 channels in morphine-induced metabolite changes in the rostral ventromedial medulla.

Magnetic resonance imaging·2026
Same author

Epigenetic Drivers of Pulmonary Hypertension: Environment Meets Genome.

Cureus·2026
Same author

A narrative review on artificial intelligence in neurosurgery: ethical challenges and implementation considerations.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)·2025
Same author

Identifying independent predictors of malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules: a systematic review.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

2.5K

Cardiorespiratory function associated with dietary nitrate supplementation.

Vernon Bond1, Bryan H Curry, Richard G Adams

  • 1a Department of Health, Human Performance and Leisure Studies and the Cancer Center Physical Medicine and Nutrition Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme
|January 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beetroot juice supplementation significantly increased plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels. This dietary nitrate intake improved cardiorespiratory function by reducing oxygen consumption and cardiac workload during rest and exercise in healthy women.

More Related Videos

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

4.4K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

2.5K
Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

4.4K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Medical nutrition therapy offers novel cardiovascular disease treatments by linking diet to physiological mechanisms.
  • Dietary nitrate, found in beetroot juice, is a precursor to nitric oxide (NO), a key vasodilator.
  • Understanding NO's role in cardiorespiratory function is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if beetroot juice increases plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration.
  • To determine the effects of beetroot juice on cardiorespiratory function at rest and during submaximal exercise.
  • To investigate the relationship between NO levels and cardiovascular/respiratory responses to exercise.

Main Methods:

  • 12 healthy, young, normotensive African-American females participated.
  • Subjects underwent tests at rest and during cycle ergometer exercise (40%, 60%, 80% peak oxygen consumption).
  • Plasma NO, oxygen consumption, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured after consuming beetroot juice or placebo (orange juice).

Main Results:

  • Beetroot juice significantly increased plasma NO concentration.
  • Oxygen consumption, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate-systolic blood pressure product decreased.
  • No significant changes were observed in respiratory quotient, minute ventilation, heart rate, or diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Beetroot juice supplementation elevates plasma NO levels in healthy individuals.
  • This leads to reduced cardiac afterload and myocardial oxygen demand at rest and during exercise.
  • Further research is needed to explore mechanisms and benefits in compromised cardiovascular systems.