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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

29
Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

40
Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

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Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
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Related Experiment Video

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Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

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Heterotopic ossification in cervical total disk replacement: a finite element analysis.

Danaa Ganbat1, Kyungsoo Kim, Yong Jun Jin

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|January 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

External loading on cervical vertebrae after total disk replacement may cause heterotopic ossification. This study simulated forces, predicting two distinct types of bone formation based on load direction, aiding artificial disk design.

Keywords:
Spinal implantbiomechanicsbone remodelingfinite element analysismodeling/simulation

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Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
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Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication after cervical total disk replacement (TDR).
  • The exact causes of HO following TDR remain unclear, despite various proposed hypotheses.
  • Understanding HO etiology is crucial for improving TDR outcomes and patient recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between external mechanical loading and HO formation after cervical TDR.
  • To simulate HO development using a finite element model under different loading conditions.
  • To predict the types and locations of HO based on mechanical forces.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 2D finite element model of a cervical vertebra undergoing TDR.
  • Simulated bone adaptation and HO formation using strain energy density.
  • Analyzed HO patterns under both compressive and shear forces in the sagittal plane.

Main Results:

  • Predicted two distinct types of HO, aligning with clinical observations.
  • Type 1 HO occurred in the posterior-superior vertebra under compression.
  • Type 2 HO was observed primarily in the anterior-superior vertebra under shear forces.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical loading significantly influences the occurrence and type of HO post-cervical TDR.
  • HO formation alters strain energy distribution, potentially relating to bone remodeling processes.
  • Findings may inform the design of novel artificial disks to mitigate HO complications.