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Approximate Fourier domain expression for Bloch-Siegert shift.

Esra Abaci Turk1,2, Yusuf Ziya Ider2, Arif Sanli Ergun3

  • 1National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|January 31, 2014
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Summary

This study introduces a new analytical expression for Bloch-Siegert shift-based B1 mapping. It enables more accurate |B1+| measurements using short pulses and low off-resonance frequencies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Quantitative MRI

Background:

  • Accurate B1+ mapping is crucial for quantitative MRI.
  • Existing Bloch-Siegert shift methods have limitations with short pulses and low off-resonance frequencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new, simple Fourier domain-based analytical expression for Bloch-Siegert shift.
  • To improve the accuracy of |B1+| measurements in B1 mapping.

Main Methods:

  • Derived a simplified analytical expression for Bloch-Siegert shift from Bloch equations.
  • Calculated phase using the Fourier transform of the radiofrequency pulse envelope.
  • Verified the expression with Bloch simulations and MR experiments using various pulse shapes.

Main Results:

  • The new expression enhances the accuracy of |B1+| determination.
  • It provides better understanding of off- and on-resonance effects.
  • Effective for short pulse durations and small off-resonance frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • A novel frequency domain analytical expression for Bloch-Siegert shift is presented.
  • |B1+| values can be accurately predicted from phase data using the radiofrequency pulse's frequency spectrum.
  • The method is robust for short pulses and small offset frequencies.