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The hermit crab's nose-antennal transcriptomics.

Katrin C Groh1, Heiko Vogel2, Marcus C Stensmyr1

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|January 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study compared the antennal gene expression of terrestrial and marine hermit crabs. Findings reveal similar chemosensory gene repertoires, suggesting ionotropic receptors (IRs) are key for olfaction in both environments.

Keywords:
antennulescrustaceagenomicsmolecular evolutionolfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Crustaceans exhibit remarkable habitat adaptability, with some lineages transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial environments.
  • This transition necessitates significant sensory organ adaptations due to altered chemical and physical properties of the environment.
  • The first pair of antennae (antennulae) are crucial chemosensory organs in crustaceans, housing the sense of smell.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular adaptations of chemosensory organs during the water-to-land transition in crustaceans.
  • To compare the antennal gene expression profiles of a terrestrial hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus) and a marine hermit crab (Pagurus bernhardus).
  • To identify the specific chemosensory genes involved in olfaction in these species.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the antennulae from two hermit crab species.
  • Comparison of gene expression data with existing datasets of similar tissues.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) annotation to identify expressed genes and their functions.
  • Analysis of chemosensory gene repertoires, including ionotropic receptors (IRs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and olfactory receptors (ORs).

Main Results:

  • High-quality transcriptome data was obtained for both species, with comparable sets of expressed genes.
  • Both species possess a similar repertoire of chemosensory genes, predominantly divergent subtype ionotropic receptors (IRs).
  • No gustatory receptors (GRs) or insect-like olfactory receptors (ORs) were detected; binding proteins were also absent.
  • Antennulae also exhibit pathogen defense mechanisms, indicating a dual role beyond olfaction.
  • The overall transcriptomic similarity suggests no major genetic shift associated with the terrestrial adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Ionotropic receptors (IRs) appear to be the primary mediators of olfactory detection in both marine and terrestrial hermit crabs studied.
  • The transition to land in hermit crabs did not necessitate a broad overhaul of the antennal gene expression profile.
  • The findings highlight the conserved role of IRs in crustacean olfaction across different habitats.