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Increased bilateral interactions in middle-aged subjects.

Jolien Heetkamp1, Tibor Hortobágyi2, Inge Zijdewind3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands ; Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Middle-aged adults show increased associated muscle activity and altered motor cortex excitability during unilateral tasks compared to younger adults, indicating neural reorganization begins by age 50. This suggests changes in motor control strategies emerge earlier than previously thought.

Keywords:
associated muscle activitybimanual interactionsfatigueipsilateral corticospinal excitabilitymiddle-aged

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Aging is associated with neural reorganization, leading to more diffuse neural activation patterns in older adults.
  • Previous research focused on older adults, leaving a gap in understanding neural changes in middle age.
  • The impact of middle age on bimanual interactions and associated neural activity remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether neural activation patterns change in middle-aged adults compared to young adults.
  • To examine the effects of age on associated activity and motor cortex excitability during unilateral and bilateral tasks.
  • To determine if neural reorganization occurs as early as age 50 and affects inter-manual interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of muscle activity and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) between young (24 years) and middle-aged (50 years) adults.
  • Inclusion of brief unilateral, bilateral, and sustained unilateral index finger abduction tasks.
  • Assessment of ipsilateral (iM1) and contralateral (cM1) primary motor cortex excitability during force production.

Main Results:

  • Middle-aged adults exhibited approximately double the associated activity in the non-task hand during brief unilateral contractions (28% vs. 11% MVC).
  • MEPs in the ipsilateral motor cortex were similar between groups during brief unilateral tasks, but MEPs in the contralateral motor cortex were higher in middle-aged adults at low forces.
  • Associated activity was higher in middle-aged adults at the start of sustained contractions, and while it increased in both groups, MEPs showed different patterns of change over time.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for neural control reorganization in unilateral force production by age 50.
  • Middle-aged adults display altered neural strategies for motor control, including increased associated activity.
  • Further research is needed to ascertain the functional significance of these age-related changes in inter-manual interactions.