Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

363
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
363
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

423
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
423
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

368
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
368
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

395
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
395

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of the NuCLEUS-Xâ„¢ balloon valvuloplasty catheter for severe pulmonic stenosis in dogs.

Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·2020
Same author

Using RNA Sequencing to Characterize the Tumor Microenvironment.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2019
Same author

The NSW brain tissue resource centre: Banking for alcohol and major neuropsychiatric disorders research.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)·2016
Same author

Quizartinib elicits differential responses that correlate with karyotype and genotype of the leukemic clone.

Leukemia·2015
Same author

Novel TKI-resistant BCR-ABL1 gatekeeper residue mutations retain in vitro sensitivity to axitinib.

Leukemia·2015
Same author

Integrative review on the non-invasive management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men following treatments for pelvic malignancies.

International journal of clinical practice·2015
Same journal

What Do We Know About Cyclooxygenases Expression in the Lower Urinary Tract of Dogs and Cats? A Systematic Review.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Clonidine in Dogs.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Veterinary Pharmaceutical Safety Competencies for New Graduates: Description of an Interprofessional Simulated Learning Activity.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Characterization of the Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Effects of Tapentadol in Horses.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

A Visual Analogue Scale Exercise for Teaching Antimicrobial Selection in Veterinary Pharmacology: Tool Development and Initial Implementation.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Supplement: 16th International Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Thessaloniki, Greece, June 28-July 1, 2026.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Immunization of Alpacas Lama pacos with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies
05:27

Immunization of Alpacas Lama pacos with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies

Published on: January 26, 2019

25.4K

Exenatide dosing in alpacas.

C K Cebra1, C C Smith, B V Stang

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exenatide effectively stimulates glucose clearance and insulin secretion in alpacas. The 0.05 mcg/kg dose shows the best results, balancing efficacy with minimal colic signs.

More Related Videos

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model
10:31

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

Published on: August 13, 2017

7.0K
Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants
17:15

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

Published on: June 11, 2009

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Immunization of Alpacas Lama pacos with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies
05:27

Immunization of Alpacas Lama pacos with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies

Published on: January 26, 2019

25.4K
Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model
10:31

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

Published on: August 13, 2017

7.0K
Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants
17:15

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

Published on: June 11, 2009

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Alpacas, like other mammals, can experience metabolic disturbances.
  • Understanding novel therapeutic agents for metabolic regulation in camelids is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate exenatide's efficacy in stimulating glucose clearance and insulin secretion in alpacas.
  • To determine the optimal dosage of exenatide while minimizing adverse effects like colic.

Main Methods:

  • Six healthy adult alpacas received daily subcutaneous injections of saline, 0.02, 0.05, or 0.1 mcg/kg exenatide.
  • Intravenous glucose injection induced hyperglycemia, followed by serial blood sampling.
  • Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids were measured.

Main Results:

  • Exenatide significantly lowered plasma glucose and increased insulin concentrations across all doses compared to controls.
  • Higher exenatide dosages (0.05 and 0.1 mcg/kg) resulted in a more pronounced and prolonged insulin increase.
  • Mild colic signs were observed in two alpacas at the 0.05 mcg/kg dose.

Conclusions:

  • Exenatide demonstrates potential for enhancing glucose metabolism and insulin response in alpacas.
  • The 0.05 mcg/kg dose appears to be the most effective, offering significant metabolic benefits with manageable side effects.