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Related Concept Videos

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Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
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Infralimbic cortex controls core body temperature in a histamine dependent manner.

M E Riveros1, G Perdomo1, F Torrealba1

  • 1Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile.

Physiology & Behavior
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The infralimbic cortex initiates body temperature increases during motivated behaviors. Histamine release in this brain region drives thermogenesis and arousal, essential for appetitive drives.

Keywords:
Body temperatureH1 receptorsHistamineInfralimbic cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Body temperature influences biochemical reactions and physiological responses.
  • The prefrontal cortex, specifically the infralimbic cortex, is linked to motivated behavior organization.
  • Histamine levels increase with infralimbic cortex disinhibition, suggesting a role in arousal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if infralimbic cortex activation triggers a thermogenic mechanism during motivated behavior.
  • To determine the role of histaminergic pathways in infralimbic cortex-induced arousal and temperature increase.
  • To explore the involvement of sympathetic pathways in this thermogenic response.

Main Methods:

  • Core body temperature and motor activity were measured in rats.
  • Pharmacological manipulations included picrotoxin injection (disinhibition) and muscimol (inhibition) in the infralimbic cortex.
  • H1 receptor antagonist (pyrilamine) and beta-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) were administered.

Main Results:

  • Infralimbic cortex disinhibition and food-enticement increased core temperature and motor activity.
  • Pyrilamine blocked thermal and motor responses to enticement, and thermal response to picrotoxin.
  • Muscimol abolished both motor and temperature responses to enticement.
  • Propranolol reduced temperature increase without affecting motor activity, indicating a non-locomotor-dependent thermogenic mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Infralimbic cortex activation is crucial for initiating appetitive behavior.
  • Central histamine mediates motor and vegetative arousal increases, including thermogenesis, during motivated states.
  • This suggests an active, histamine-dependent sympathetic thermogenic mechanism regulated by the infralimbic cortex.