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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

44
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
44
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

55
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
55
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

20
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
20
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

54
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

18
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
18
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

30
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
30

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network Multi-Laboratory Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Thrombolysis: TE-MCAo
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Risk factors and acute ischemic stroke subtypes.

Aliaksei Kisialiou1, Rodolfo Grella2, Albino Carrizzo3

  • 1Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit, Innomed Srl, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) affects women more after 65, with cerebellum-brainstem strokes more common in men. Mortality risk significantly increases in patients over 80 years old.

Keywords:
Cohort studyEpidemiologyMenRisk factorsStrokeWomen

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a significant health concern influenced by demographic factors like gender and age, as well as the affected brain region.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for refining clinical guidelines, preventive strategies, and resource allocation in stroke care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in a southern Italian population.
  • To analyze the impact of age, gender, and lesion site on AIS subtypes, comorbidities, and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective registration of demographics, prestroke conditions, etiology, subtypes, hospital outcomes, clinical and laboratory parameters, and mortality rates in 105 patients.
  • Statistical analysis to identify associations between patient characteristics, stroke features, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • AIS incidence increased in women over 65. Cerebellum-brainstem strokes were more common in men, while anterior strokes were more frequent in women.
  • Cryptogenic AIS decreased with age. Chronic kidney disease was linked to cerebellum-brainstem strokes and increased with age.
  • Mortality rates were notably high in patients over 80, with specific associations between AIS etiology and blood characteristics in the youngest and oldest patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • Age and gender significantly influence AIS presentation and risk factors.
  • Chronic kidney disease is a specific predictor for cerebellum-brainstem AIS.
  • Advanced age is a critical factor associated with increased AIS mortality.