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Functional MR imaging of a simulated balance task.

Helmet T Karim1, Patrick J Sparto2, Howard J Aizenstein3

  • 1University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, USA.

Brain Research
|February 1, 2014
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Summary

Aging impairs human balance control, increasing fall risks. This study used MRI to reveal brain activity during balance tasks, identifying key areas involved in maintaining posture and gait in older adults.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Human postural control relies on vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs, declining with age and leading to falls.
  • Functional neuroimaging studies are crucial for understanding supraspinal control of balance and gait, especially concerning aging effects.
  • Previous neuroimaging of active balancing has been limited, hindering understanding of age-related changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroimaging of active balance control in older adults using a novel MRI-compatible force platform.
  • To identify brain regions activated during a simulated active balance control task and an ankle exertion task.
  • To compare the neural activation patterns between active balance simulation and isolated ankle movements.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an MRI-compatible force platform to simulate active balance control.
  • Eleven healthy older adults (mean age 75±5 yr) performed active balance simulation and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion tasks.
  • Utilized functional neuroimaging (MRI) to measure brain activation during both tasks.

Main Results:

  • Both tasks activated bilateral fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and right inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri.
  • The active balance simulation task showed greater activation compared to the ankle exertion task in the middle/superior temporal gyri, insula, corpus callosum, medial/superior frontal gyri, anterior cingulate, and caudate nucleus.
  • No significant differences in activation were found when comparing the ankle exertion task to the active balance simulation task.

Conclusions:

  • The MRI-compatible force platform is effective for simulating active balance control and eliciting relevant cortical activity.
  • The study highlights specific brain regions involved in active balance control, providing insights into age-related postural control mechanisms.
  • Findings align with previous research on active balance and mental imagery of balance, validating the methodology.