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Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

28
Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
28
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

42
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

50
Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
50
Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

382
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
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Liver cirrhosis.

Emmanuel A Tsochatzis1, Jaime Bosch2, Andrew K Burroughs1

  • 1Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cirrhosis is a growing cause of death, with outcomes varying by clinical stage. Early intervention and prevention are key to managing cirrhosis and avoiding liver transplantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Prognosis

Background:

  • Cirrhosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally, ranking as the 14th leading cause of death worldwide.
  • It is increasingly recognized as a dynamic process with distinct clinical prognostic stages, influencing 1-year mortality rates from 1% to 57%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cirrhosis as a dynamic process.
  • To outline therapeutic options for preventing and treating cirrhosis complications based on clinical staging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current understanding of cirrhosis.
  • Analysis of therapeutic options for cirrhosis management.
  • Focus on clinical staging for prognostic assessment.

Main Results:

  • Cirrhosis is not a single entity but can be subclassified into distinct clinical prognostic stages.
  • 1-year mortality varies significantly (1%–57%) based on the identified stage of cirrhosis.

Conclusions:

  • Management of cirrhosis should prioritize prevention and early intervention to stabilize disease progression.
  • The goal is to avoid or delay clinical decompensation and the need for liver transplantation.