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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

30
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
30
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

28
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
28
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

23
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
23
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

26
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
26
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

26
Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
26
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Pregnancy outcome in hyperthyroidism: a case control study.

Neelam Aggarawal1, Vanita Suri, Rimpi Singla

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperthyroid women face increased risks for maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. Uncontrolled disease and diagnosis during pregnancy worsen outcomes, highlighting the need for careful management.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Limited data exists comparing pregnancy outcomes in hyperthyroid versus euthyroid women.
  • Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy may impact maternal and fetal health.
  • This study aims to clarify these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with hyperthyroidism.
  • To compare outcomes between hyperthyroid and euthyroid women.
  • To evaluate the impact of disease control and timing of diagnosis on pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study over 28 years.
  • Compared 208 hyperthyroid women with 403 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed outcomes based on disease control and diagnosis timing (pre-pregnancy vs. during pregnancy).

Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroid women had higher risks of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labor/birth, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery.
  • Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism increased odds of stillbirth and lower birth weight.
  • Hyperthyroid mothers' newborns had significantly lower birth weight.

Conclusions:

  • Obstetrical complications are more frequent in hyperthyroid pregnancies.
  • Uncontrolled disease adversely affects pregnancy outcomes.
  • Pregestational hyperthyroidism is associated with better outcomes than diagnoses made during pregnancy.