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The potential association between postmenopausal hormone use and primary open-angle glaucoma.

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Postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, particularly estrogen-only preparations, may reduce the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Estrogen + progesterone or estrogen + androgen PMH did not show a significant effect on POAG risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Estrogen receptors are present in retinal ganglion cells.
  • Previous research suggests postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use is linked to lower intraocular pressure.
  • This association implies a potential protective effect of PMH against primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between different classes of postmenopausal hormone (PMH) medications and the risk of developing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis was conducted using claims data from over 150,000 women aged 50+.
  • Data spanned from 2001-2009, focusing on women with at least four years of continuous enrollment in a US managed-care plan.
  • Exposure was defined by the use of postmenopausal hormone medications: estrogen only, estrogen + progesterone, or estrogen + androgen.

Main Results:

  • The study identified 2,925 cases of incident POAG among 152,163 eligible women.
  • Each additional month of estrogen-only PMH use was associated with a 0.4% reduced risk of POAG (HR, 0.996; P=.02).
  • No significant association was found between estrogen + progesterone or estrogen + androgen use and POAG risk.

Conclusions:

  • Postmenopausal hormone preparations containing estrogen may contribute to a reduced risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
  • This research may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for POAG.