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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
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Summarizing craniofacial genetics and developmental biology (SCGDB).

Brian K Hall1

  • 1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Research in craniofacial genetics and developmental biology is rapidly advancing. Key themes include the genetic basis of craniofacial syndromes, the roles of specific genes like Sox9 and FGF receptors, and insights from large-scale studies.

Keywords:
FGFRSox9cartilage developmentchondrogenesiscraniofacial developmentdysmorphologyknockout miceneural crest cellszebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The 34th annual meeting of the Society of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (SCGDB) showcased current research.
  • The meeting highlighted the trajectory of the craniofacial research field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key research areas in craniofacial genetics and developmental biology presented at the SCGDB meeting.
  • To discuss the classification and investigation of craniofacial defects and syndromes.
  • To explore emerging themes in craniofacial development research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of presentations from the 34th SCGDB annual meeting.
  • Discussion of themes including craniofacial defect classification.
  • Examination of gene roles (Sox9, FGF receptors) and signaling centers.

Main Results:

  • Craniofacial syndromes often have a multi-gene basis.
  • Sox9 and FGF receptors play crucial roles in craniofacial development.
  • Population-wide and longitudinal studies are yielding new insights.

Conclusions:

  • The field of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology is dynamic.
  • Understanding gene interactions and signaling pathways is vital for addressing craniofacial disorders.
  • Large-scale studies and new discoveries are shaping future research directions.