Turning gold into "diamond": a family of hexagonal diamond-type Au-frameworks interconnected by triangular clusters...

A new homologous series of intermetallic compounds containing three-dimensional (3-d) tetrahedral frameworks of gold atoms, akin to hexagonal diamond, have been discovered in four related Sr-Au-Al systems: (I) hexagonal SrAl3-xAu4+x (0.06(1) ≤ x ≤ 0.46(1), P62m, Z = 3, a = 8.633(1)-8.664(1) Å, c = 7.083(2)-7.107(1) Å); (II) orthorhombic SrAl2-yAu5+y (y ≤ 0.05(1); Pnma, Z = 4, a = 8.942(1) Å, b = 7.2320(4) Å, c = 9.918(1) Å); (III) Sr2Al2-zAu7+z (z = 0.32(2); C2/c, Z = 4, a = 14.956(4) Å, b = 8.564(2) Å, c = 8.682(1) Å, β = 123.86(1)°); and (IV) rhombohedral Sr2Al3-wAu6+w (w ≈ 0.18(1); R3c, Z = 6, a = 8.448(1) Å, c = 21.735(4) Å). These remarkable compounds were obtained by fusion of the pure elements and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electronic structure calculations. Phase I shows a narrow phase width and adopts the Ba3Ag14.6Al6.4-type structure; phase IV is isostructural with Ba2Au6Zn3, whereas phases II and III represent new structure types. This novel series can be formulated as Srx[M3]1-xAu2, in which [M3] (= [Al3] or [Al2Au]) triangles replace some Sr atoms in the hexagonal prismatic-like cavities of the Au network. The [M3] triangles are either isolated or interconnected into zigzag chains or nets. According to tight-binding electronic structure calculations, the greatest overlap populations belong to the Al-Au bonds, whereas Au-Au interactions have a substantial nonbonding region surrounding the calculated Fermi levels. QTAIM analysis of the electron density reveals charge transfer from Sr to the Al-Au framework in all four systems. A study of chemical bonding by means of the electron-localizability indicator indicates two- and three-center interactions within the anionic Al-Au framework.