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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Spin-orbit torques in Co/Pd multilayer nanowires.

Mahdi Jamali1, Kulothungasagaran Narayanapillai1, Xuepeng Qiu1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and NUSNNI, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore.

Physical Review Letters
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current induced spin-orbit torques were investigated in cobalt-palladium (Co/Pd) multilayers. Both in-plane and perpendicular torques were observed, with efficiencies comparable to ultrathin bilayers, suggesting bulk contributions in thicker films.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Co/Pd multilayers is crucial for magnetic storage devices.
  • Understanding current-induced torques is essential for developing efficient spintronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate current-induced spin-orbit torques in 20 nm thick Co/Pd multilayers.
  • To determine the nature and efficiency of both in-plane and perpendicular torques.
  • To explore the origin of these torques, considering bulk vs. interface contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ferromagnetic nanowires from 20 nm thick Co/Pd multilayers.
  • Electrical transport measurements using Hall voltage.
  • Lock-in detection techniques to quantify torques.

Main Results:

  • Observation of both in-plane (Slonczewski-like) and perpendicular (field-like) torques.
  • High torque efficiencies measured: 1.17 kOe for in-plane and 5 kOe for perpendicular at 10^8 A/cm^2.
  • Observed efficiencies are comparable to those in ultrathin magnetic bilayers.

Conclusions:

  • The substantial torque efficiencies in thicker Co/Pd multilayers challenge conventional understanding.
  • Results suggest that the bulk of the Co/Pd multilayer likely contributes significantly to the observed spin-orbit torques.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully elucidate the bulk spin Hall effect contribution in these systems.