Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

2.6K
The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
2.6K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

1.1K
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
1.1K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

946
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
946
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.7K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.7K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.7K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.7K
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

25.7K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
25.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex-specific efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing neoadjuvant therapies: a pooled analysis of the SAKK trials 16/96, 16/00, 16/01, 16/08 and 16/14.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

First Constraints on General Neutrino Interactions Based on KATRIN Data.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Temperature-Stable High-Power Properties of (K, Na)NbO<sub>3</sub>-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same author

Optical Tweezer Arrays of Erbium Atoms.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Excitations of a Binary Dipolar Supersolid.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Measurement of the Excitation Spectrum of a Dipolar Gas in the Macrodroplet Regime.

Physical review letters·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.1K

Reaching Fermi degeneracy via universal dipolar scattering.

K Aikawa1, A Frisch1, M Mark1

  • 1Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Physical Review Letters
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a degenerate dipolar Fermi gas using erbium atoms, reaching near absolute zero temperatures. This breakthrough enables studying unique quantum phenomena driven by strong atomic interactions.

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.8K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.1K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.8K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Degenerate Fermi gases are crucial for understanding quantum mechanics.
  • Dipolar interactions in atoms offer unique quantum phenomena.
  • Erbium atoms possess large magnetic dipole moments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a degenerate dipolar Fermi gas of erbium atoms.
  • To investigate the role of strong dipole-dipole interactions in fermionic systems.
  • To explore quantum degeneracy with high cooling efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Evaporative cooling of a spin-polarized erbium atom sample.
  • Achieving temperatures as low as 0.2 times the Fermi temperature.
  • Measuring the elastic scattering cross section.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of a degenerate dipolar Fermi gas.
  • Observation of elastic collisions between identical fermions at the zero-energy limit.
  • Measured scattering cross section aligns with dipolar scattering theory predictions.
  • Universal scaling law observed for scattering cross section based on dipole moment and atomic mass.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a novel method for achieving quantum degeneracy in dipolar systems.
  • The findings validate theoretical predictions for dipolar scattering.
  • This technique offers a promising platform for exploring diverse quantum phenomena in dipolar gases.