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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Neutrinoless double-β decay and QCD corrections.

Namit Mahajan1

  • 1Theoretical Physics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, India.

Physical Review Letters
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

One-loop Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) corrections significantly impact neutrinoless double-beta decay amplitudes. These corrections can cause large cancellations or enhancements, affecting half-life predictions.

Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics

Background:

  • Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a key process for understanding neutrino properties.
  • Current half-life estimates are limited by nuclear physics uncertainties.
  • Short-range contributions to the decay amplitude are crucial but complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of one-loop Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) corrections on the short-range part of the neutrinoless double-beta decay amplitude.
  • To analyze the renormalization group running of these corrections.
  • To assess how these corrections influence half-life predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of one-loop QCD corrections to the relevant operators.
  • Renormalization group evolution of the short-range decay amplitude.

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  • Analysis of specific operator examples to quantify corrections.

    • Main Results:

    • One-loop QCD corrections to the short-range amplitude are found to be sizeable.
    • Depending on the operator, these corrections lead to moderate to large cancellations or significant enhancements.
    • Specific examples illustrate the substantial impact of these corrections.

    Conclusions:

    • The calculated QCD corrections necessitate re-evaluation of neutrinoless double-beta decay half-life estimates.
    • These corrections can either reduce or increase the decay rate, impacting the precision of future measurements.
    • Addressing these short-range contributions is vital for advancing the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.