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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Cardiovascular issues in older adults.

Leslie L Davis1

  • 1School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, 308 Moore Building, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This article covers cardiovascular conditions in elderly patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). It details age-related physiological changes, symptoms, diagnostics, and nursing care for critically ill elders with heart conditions.

Keywords:
CardiovascularCritical careElderlyHeart failureHypertensionMyocardial infarctionNursing care

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Nursing

Background:

  • Elderly patients present unique physiological changes that increase susceptibility to cardiovascular conditions.
  • Critically ill elders in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience complex cardiac issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss common cardiovascular conditions encountered in elderly patients within the ICU setting.
  • To provide an overview of age-related physiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnostics, and treatments for these conditions.
  • To highlight the implications for specialized nursing care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cardiovascular conditions in the elderly ICU population.
  • Synthesis of information regarding pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based treatments.
  • Discussion of nursing care strategies tailored to critically ill older adults.

Main Results:

  • Identified key cardiovascular conditions prevalent in elderly ICU patients.
  • Outlined typical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic findings specific to this demographic.
  • Summarized evidence-based treatment modalities and their application in the ICU.
  • Emphasized the importance of age-specific nursing interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Nurses require specialized knowledge to manage cardiovascular conditions in critically ill elders.
  • Understanding age-related changes is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.
  • Tailored nursing care improves outcomes for elderly patients with cardiac conditions in the ICU.