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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
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Nitrite reduction and cardiovascular protection.

Sami A Omar1, Andrew James Webb1

  • 1King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 4th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inorganic nitrite is a key source of nitric oxide (NO), crucial for cardiovascular protection. This review explores nitrite

Keywords:
Cardiovascular protectionHaem-globinsNitrate–Nitrite–NO pathwayNitriteNitrite reductasesXanthine oxidoreductase

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Redox Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Inorganic nitrite is a major endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO).
  • Nitrite reduction to NO is vital, especially under hypoxic conditions when NO synthase (NOS) activity is impaired.
  • Nitrite metabolism involves complex interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other signaling molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review landmark studies on nitrite's biological functions.
  • To examine the evolving role of nitrite in cardiovascular protection.
  • To discuss newly identified mechanisms of nitrite signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of key studies on nitrite.
  • Analysis of enzymatic and non-enzymatic nitrite reduction pathways.
  • Exploration of nitrite's role in cardiovascular pathophysiology and protection.

Main Results:

  • Nitrite reduction to NO is facilitated by various enzymes, particularly under hypoxia.
  • Nitrite beneficially modulates cardiovascular pathological processes through multiple pathways.
  • Emerging mechanisms include nitrite anhydration, s-nitrosothiols, nitro-fatty acids, and direct mitochondrial signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrite plays a critical role in cardiovascular health through diverse NO-dependent and independent mechanisms.
  • Understanding nitrite's complex signaling is essential for developing novel cardiovascular therapies.
  • Further research into novel nitrite pathways will elucidate its full therapeutic potential.