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Modelling cell division and endoreduplication in tomato fruit pericarp.

Mochamad Apri1, Johannes Kromdijk2, Pieter H B de Visser2

  • 1Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Center, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Industrial and Financial Mathematics Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
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Summary

Plant cells can enter endoreduplication, a process of genome duplication without division, to increase ploidy. This study models endoreduplication in tomato fruit, revealing auxin

Keywords:
Cell cycleEndoreduplicationMathematical modelPhytohormone auxinTomato fruit pericarp

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Differentiating plant cells can switch from the classical cell cycle to endoreduplication, a process involving genome duplication without cell division, leading to polyploidy.
  • Endoreduplication is crucial for biomass allocation and yield in crops like tomato, influencing fruit size through pericarp cell number and ploidy.
  • The karyoplasmic ratio theory suggests a link between nuclear ploidy and cell growth, with polyploidy prevalent in storage tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess mechanisms initiating endoreduplication in tomato pericarp cells.
  • To develop a mathematical model of the cell cycle gene regulatory network for endoreduplication.
  • To investigate the role of the phytohormone auxin in regulating the transition to endoreduplication.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model for the cell cycle gene regulatory network.
  • Analysis of regulatory targets for the transition to endoreduplication, focusing on auxin.
  • System behavior analysis based on the combined action of multiple regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Several putative mechanisms can induce endoreduplication in tomato pericarp cells.
  • Auxin plays a vital role in regulating the onset of cell expansion, differentiation, and endoreduplication in developing tomato fruit.
  • Combined action of multiple regulatory routes enhances the robustness of endoreduplication regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates that multiple pathways can trigger endoreduplication in tomato pericarp cells.
  • Redundancy in these pathways, particularly influenced by auxin, ensures robust regulation of endoreduplication.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform strategies for improving crop yield and biomass.