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Published on: January 19, 2024
Possible determinants and spatial patterns of anaemia among young children in Nigeria: a Bayesian semi-parametric
Ezra Gayawan1, Ekundayo D Arogundade, Samson B Adebayo
1Centre for Regional Development and Planning (CEDEPLAR), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Insights
Northern Nigeria shows a higher risk of anemia in children under five. Factors like household wealth and malaria prevalence contribute to this global health issue, requiring targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Anemia is a significant global public health concern with widespread human health and socioeconomic impacts.
- This study investigates anemia prevalence and severity in Nigerian children aged 6-59 months.
- Geographical variations in anemia indicators were also explored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and anemia severity with child and household characteristics in Nigeria.
- To identify geographical disparities in anemia indicators among Nigerian children.
- To inform targeted public health interventions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the 2010 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey, focusing on children aged 6-59 months.
- Application of a semi-parametric hierarchical Bayesian model to assess covariate relationships and spatial variations.
- Consideration of Gaussian, binary, and ordinal outcome variables for anemia modeling.
Main Results:
- Spatial analysis revealed a North-South divide in hemoglobin concentration, with Northern Nigeria exhibiting higher anemia risk.
- Key risk factors identified include household wealth index, child's sex, recent fever or malaria, and age (under 24 months).
Conclusions:
- State-level implementation of targeted programs for vulnerable children is crucial.
- Interventions should address identified risk factors to reverse existing anemia patterns.
Background:
Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health and socioeconomic development. This paper examines the possible relationship between Hb concentration and severity of anaemia with individual and household characteristics of children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria; and explores possible geographical variations of these outcome variables.
Methods:
Data on Hb concentration and severity of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months that participated in the 2010 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey were analysed. A semi-parametric model using a hierarchical Bayesian approach was adopted to examine the putative relationship of covariates of different types and possible spatial variation. Gaussian, binary and ordinal outcome variables were considered in modelling.
Results:
Spatial analyses reveal a distinct North-South divide in Hb concentration of the children analysed and that states in Northern Nigeria possess a higher risk of anaemia. Other important risk factors include the household wealth index, sex of the child, whether or not the child had fever or malaria in the 2 weeks preceding the survey, and children under 24 months of age.
Conclusions:
There is a need for state level implementation of specific programmes that target vulnerable children as this can help in reversing the existing patterns.
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