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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Novel transcriptome data analysis implicates circulating microRNAs in epigenetic inheritance in mammals.

Abhay Sharma1

  • 1CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.

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|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Mobile small RNAs transfer hereditary information in plants and worms, but evidence in mammals was lacking. This study found circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in mammals may play a role in epigenetic inheritance.

Keywords:
Extracellular microRNATranscriptomicTransgenerational inheritance

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mobile small non-coding RNAs mediate soma to germline hereditary information transfer in epigenetic inheritance in plants and worms.
  • Similar evidence for mammals has not been reported previously.
  • Epigenetic inheritance is crucial for understanding heritable traits beyond DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in mammalian epigenetic inheritance.
  • To analyze existing genome-level expression profiling data for associations between differentially expressed miRNAs and epigenetic inheritance in mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of previously reported differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in mammalian epigenetic inheritance studies.
  • Examination of circulating miRNA association with reported differentially expressed miRNAs or their targeted genes.
  • Analysis of enrichment patterns across various factors including environment, tissues, life cycle stages, generations, genders, and species.

Main Results:

  • Differentially expressed miRNAs and miRNAs targeting differentially expressed genes showed significant enrichment of circulating miRNAs.
  • Circulating miRNAs were found to be associated across diverse factors such as environmental influences, tissue types, life stages, generations, genders, and species.
  • The expression profiles represented by circulating miRNAs were enriched in various epigenetic processes.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides bioinformatic evidence supporting a role for circulating miRNAs in mammalian epigenetic inheritance.
  • Circulating miRNAs may act as mediators of hereditary information transfer across generations in mammals.
  • Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm the functional role of circulating miRNAs in mammalian epigenetic inheritance.