Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026
09:42
Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns
Published on: May 12, 2019
5.5K
Completion phenomenon in transcortical sensory aphasia
Y Nakagawa1, H Tanabe2, M Ikeda3
1Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University, Japan.
Behavioural Neurology
|February 4, 2014
Summary
Patients with focal atrophy showed a lack of proverb completion, indicating a selective loss of word meaning. This contrasts with other transcortical sensory aphasia cases, suggesting specific semantic memory impairment.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurolinguistics
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- The proverb completion phenomenon is a cognitive task used to assess language comprehension.
- Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) is a language disorder characterized by impaired comprehension.
- Focal atrophy, particularly in the temporal lobe, is implicated in various neurological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the proverb completion phenomenon in patients with transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA).
- To differentiate the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of proverb completion deficits in TSA based on lesion type.
Main Methods:
- Assessed proverb completion in patients with TSA due to focal atrophy versus other cerebral diseases.
- Evaluated word comprehension and naming abilities, including the effect of phonemic cues.
- Correlated lesion patterns with specific language deficits.
Main Results:
- Lack of proverb completion was exclusively observed in patients with focal atrophy.
- These patients exhibited selective and consistent word comprehension deficits without phonemic cue effects in naming.
- Proverb completion was present in TSA patients with other cerebral diseases, who showed less selective comprehension deficits.
Conclusions:
- The absence of proverb completion in focal atrophy suggests a selective, systematic loss of semantic representations for language units.
- Pathological processes in focal atrophy, especially with temporal predominance, may selectively impair semantic memory for language.
- This finding helps elucidate the neural basis of semantic memory and language processing in aphasia.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:33Somatosensation
36.9K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
36.9K
01:12Visual Agnosia
2.0K
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
2.0K
01:15Auditory Pathway
7.1K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.1K
01:10Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon
718
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
718
01:23Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
5.0K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
5.0K
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
10.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.2K