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Related Concept Videos

Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

126
A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
126
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

292
Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
18.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
47.5K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

21.6K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Mosaic two-lengthscale quasicrystals.

T Dotera1, T Oshiro1, P Ziherl2

  • 1Department of Physics, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.

Nature
|February 4, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft matter systems can form quasicrystals through a generic assembly mechanism. This study reveals how specific particle interactions and local geometry drive quasicrystalline order in soft materials, enabling new applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Quasicrystalline order has been observed in diverse soft matter systems like micelles and polymer melts.
  • The formation mechanism is thought to be generic, independent of specific chemical compositions.
  • Micellar softness is a key factor proposed to induce quasicrystalline order.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically explore the link between micellar softness and quasicrystalline order.
  • To investigate the role of local packing geometry in soft matter quasicrystal formation.
  • To identify potential applications for self-assembled quasicrystalline structures.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of two-dimensional hard disks with step-like square-shoulder repulsion.
  • Simulation of particle interactions mimicking soft macromolecular micelles.
  • Analysis of bond orientational order and resulting geometric mosaics.

Main Results:

  • Identified quasicrystalline phases with 10-, 12-, 18-, and 24-fold bond orientational order.
  • Observed formation of equilateral and isosceles triangle mosaics from core-to-core and shoulder-to-shoulder arrangements.
  • Demonstrated that local packing geometry is crucial for generating quasicrystallinity in soft matter.

Conclusions:

  • Softness and local packing geometry are fundamental to quasicrystal formation in soft matter.
  • The findings complement existing theories on quasicrystal formation in hard systems.
  • Quasicrystalline mosaics have potential applications in areas like image reproduction and photonic materials.