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Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Frame-guided assembly of vesicles with programmed geometry and dimensions.

Yuanchen Dong1, Yawei Sun, Liying Wang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a frame-guided assembly method for controlled molecular self-assembly. This technique creates organized heterovesicles, advancing the understanding of cell membrane formation and function.

Keywords:
frame-guided assemblyleading hydrophobic groupsself-assemblyvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular self-assembly
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Molecular self-assembly is crucial for creating organized structures.
  • Controlling self-assembly is a significant scientific challenge.
  • Eukaryotic cell shape is determined by cytoskeletal-membrane protein lipid bilayer systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general strategy for preparing heterovesicles with programmed geometry and dimensions.
  • To enhance control over the molecular self-assembly process.

Main Methods:

  • A novel frame-guided assembly process was developed.
  • The method was inspired by biological cell membrane systems.

Main Results:

  • The frame-guided assembly process successfully produced heterovesicles with programmed geometry.
  • This method provides enhanced control over self-assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Frame-guided assembly is a versatile strategy for creating complex molecular structures.
  • This approach may improve understanding of cell membrane formation and function.