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Respiratory infection and otitis media visits in relation to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in Saskatchewan

Ngoc-Hang Khuc1, Ben Tan2, Rosalie Tuchscherer3

  • 1Quebec National Public Health Institute, Quebec City, Quebec;

The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses Et De La Microbiologie Medicale
|February 4, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) in Saskatchewan showed a potential decrease in lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) visits, but no significant impact on otitis media (OM) visits. Further research is needed to clarify vaccine effects on non-specific outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health surveillance

Background:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) was introduced in Saskatchewan for high-risk children in 2002 and all infants in 2005.
  • This study examines the impact of PCV on respiratory and ear infection rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in medical visits for lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) and otitis media (OM).
  • To assess the relationship between PCV uptake and LRI/OM visit frequency from 1990 to 2008.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Saskatchewan Health data on insured children, PCV administration, and LRI/OM diagnostic codes.
  • Employed dynamic state space models to analyze monthly medical visit rates.

Main Results:

  • Observed seasonal patterns and winter peaks in LRI and OM visits, potentially linked to viral epidemics.
  • Identified three decreases in LRI rates, with the final one in February 2007 possibly associated with increased PCV vaccination.
  • Found no statistically significant correlation between PCV use and otitis media visit frequency.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of PCV on non-specific outcomes like LRI and OM may be masked by various influencing factors in time-series analyses.
  • Environmental, biological, and administrative factors can affect healthcare utilization, potentially obscuring vaccine effects of low magnitude.
Abstract

Keywords:
Otitis mediaPneumococcal conjugate vaccinePneumoniaProgram evaluation

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