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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro
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Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro

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Targeting hypoxia in the leukemia microenvironment.

Juliana Benito1, Zhihong Zeng1, Marina Konopleva2

  • 1Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston TX 77030, USA.

International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia, low oxygen, is crucial for normal stem cells in bone marrow. In leukemia, it fuels cancer growth, leading to new drug development targeting these hypoxic niches.

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Author Spotlight: Analyzing Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Murine Hematological Malignancies
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Author Spotlight: Analyzing Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Murine Hematological Malignancies

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation.
  • Hypoxia within the endosteal niche supports quiescent HSC maintenance.
  • Hematologic malignancies exhibit increased BM hypoxia, linked to disease progression and HIF-1α stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the normal and leukemic bone marrow microenvironment.
  • To emphasize the role of pathological hypoxia in leukemia.
  • To discuss hypoxia-activated prodrugs for hematologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bone marrow microenvironment, hypoxia, and hematologic malignancies.
  • Analysis of the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in leukemogenesis.
  • Overview of hypoxia-activated prodrug strategies.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia is essential for normal HSCs but promotes leukemic progression.
  • Leukemic BM features expanded hypoxic niches and stabilized HIF-1α.
  • Hypoxia-activated prodrugs show potential therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Pathological hypoxia is a key feature of the leukemic BM microenvironment.
  • Targeting hypoxia represents a promising therapeutic strategy for hematologic malignancies.
  • Further development of hypoxia-activated prodrugs is warranted.