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Drying Shrinkage

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Straining graphene using thin film shrinkage methods.

Hiroki Shioya¹, Monica F Craciun, Saverio Russo

¹Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan.

|February 5, 2014

Summary

Researchers developed novel methods to precisely control strain in graphene without bending the substrate. These techniques enable biaxial and compressive strain application, opening new avenues for graphene strain engineering.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Theoretical studies predict unique graphene properties via strain engineering, including Dirac cone merging and bandgap opening.
Experimental realization of these properties is hindered by the difficulty in precisely controlling strain in graphene devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel, substrate-independent methods for applying controlled strain to graphene.
To experimentally verify predicted strain-induced phenomena in graphene.

Main Methods:

Utilizing thin films of evaporated metal and organic insulators deposited on graphene.
Inducing controlled shrinkage of these films via electron beam irradiation or heat application.
Employing Raman spectroscopy to analyze strain-induced changes in graphene's G-band.

Main Results:

Successful application of both biaxial and in-plane isotropic compressive strain without substrate bending.
Observed clear G-band splitting under biaxial strain and G-band blue shift under compressive strain.
Demonstrated a significantly larger perpendicular strain component under biaxial strain, indicating complex tensile and compressive effects.

Conclusions:

Presented the first viable methods for applying strain to graphene without substrate bending.
These techniques allow for well-controlled strain application, facilitating experimental verification of theoretical predictions.
The findings pave the way for exploring novel electronic and physical properties of strained graphene.