Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

1.1K
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
1.1K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

1.0K
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
1.0K
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

1.7K
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.7K
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

2.6K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
2.6K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

1.0K
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
1.0K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

2.0K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Two-Piece Fixation Device for Reliable Nasotracheal Intubation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Consensus-based criteria for actionable hemorrhage in pediatric trauma: A Delphi study.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same author

Perspectives of Children, Parents, and Healthcare Providers on Outcomes after Anesthesia for Surgery: An International Mixed Methods Stakeholder Engagement Study from the Pediatric Perioperative Outcomes Group.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Improving Outcome Reporting in Paediatric Airway Management in Clinical Trials (IMPACT): A Study Protocol for Core Outcomes and Clinical Endpoints.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2025
Same author

Predictors of Transfusion Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Surgical Correction of Craniosynostosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2025
Same author

Common pitfalls of perioperative clinical trials in response to <i>'Barriers and enablers to recruiting participants within paediatric perioperative and anaesthetic settings: lessons learned from a trial of melatonin versus midazolam in the premedication of anxious children (the MAGIC trial)'</i>.

BJA open·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.3K

Anesthesia for craniofacial surgery in infancy.

Paul A Stricker1, John E Fiadjoe1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|February 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthetic management for infant craniofacial surgery, particularly craniosynostosis repair, has improved. Modern techniques reduce blood loss, transfusions, and hospital stays, enhancing patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Craniofacial surgeryCraniosynostosisEndoscopicPediatricsTransfusion

More Related Videos

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

17.6K
Targeting the Corticospinal Tract in Neonatal Rats with a Double-Viral Vector using Combined Brain and Spine Surgery
07:27

Targeting the Corticospinal Tract in Neonatal Rats with a Double-Viral Vector using Combined Brain and Spine Surgery

Published on: June 30, 2021

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.3K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

17.6K
Targeting the Corticospinal Tract in Neonatal Rats with a Double-Viral Vector using Combined Brain and Spine Surgery
07:27

Targeting the Corticospinal Tract in Neonatal Rats with a Double-Viral Vector using Combined Brain and Spine Surgery

Published on: June 30, 2021

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Anesthetic management for infants undergoing craniofacial surgery presents unique challenges.
  • Blood loss and its management are primary concerns for anesthesiologists during these procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current surgical techniques for craniosynostosis treatment.
  • To describe optimal anesthetic management approaches for these procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current surgical techniques for craniosynostosis.
  • Discussion of anesthetic care strategies.
  • Analysis of perioperative morbidity improvements.

Main Results:

  • Evolution of craniofacial surgical procedures has led to significant improvements.
  • Decreased blood loss, reduced need for transfusions, shorter operative times, and shorter hospital stays are observed.
  • Enhanced understanding of surgical procedures aids in optimizing anesthetic management.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal anesthetic management requires a thorough understanding of craniofacial surgical techniques.
  • Advancements in craniosynostosis treatment have positively impacted perioperative outcomes for infants.