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Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Deborah A Schwengel1, Nicholas M Dalesio2, Tracey L Stierer3
1Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Anesthesiology Clinics
|February 5, 2014
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) impacts children and adults, causing behavioral, cognitive, and growth issues. While adenotonsillectomy is common, medical treatments for this airway obstruction disorder are being explored.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a significant airway obstruction disorder with widespread health consequences.
- It affects individuals from infancy through adulthood, leading to developmental and physiological impairments.
- Common comorbidities include obesity and asthma, complicating management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the multisystem implications and complications of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
- To highlight the impact of OSAS on pediatric development and health.
- To review current treatment strategies and the need for medical alternatives.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
- Analysis of associated behavioral, cognitive, and growth impairments.
- Examination of cardiovascular and respiratory morbidities.
Main Results:
- OSAS is linked to behavioral, cognitive, and growth deficits in affected individuals.
- Significant cardiovascular and perioperative respiratory risks are associated with OSAS.
- Adenotonsillectomy is the primary surgical treatment for childhood OSAS.
Conclusions:
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome presents a complex clinical challenge with serious health implications.
- Further research into medical treatment options for OSAS is warranted.
- Comprehensive management strategies are crucial for affected children and adults.
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