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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Multisensory maps in parietal cortex.

Martin I Sereno1, Ruey-Song Huang2

  • 1Cognitive Perceptual and Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck/UCL Centre for NeuroImaging (BUCNI), Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|February 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The parietal cortex is a complex brain region involved in sensorimotor integration. New research reveals its intricate organization into specialized areas for various movements and sensory processing, with unique human-specific spatial arrangements.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The parietal cortex is crucial for sensorimotor integration.
  • It is organized into specialized areas for eye, hand, and body movements.
  • Previous research suggests sensory maps within these areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional organization and spatial mapping of the human parietal cortex.
  • To compare the human parietal cortex organization with that of non-human primates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of functional specialization in distinct parietal areas.
  • Examination of sensory (receptotopic) and movement-centered remapping (retinotopic, face-centered, hand-centered).
  • Comparison of anatomical and functional area displacements between humans and monkeys.

Main Results:

  • The human parietal cortex is divided into areas specialized for specific movements (eye, hand, face, lower body).
  • Many areas contain sensory maps, including multisensory representations of the lower body.
  • Evidence supports retinotopic and face-centered remapping, with weaker support for hand-centered remapping.
  • Human-specific expansion of the default mode network causes superior and medial displacement of areas like LIP.
  • Human LIP is paradoxically located medial to human VIP, unlike in monkeys.

Conclusions:

  • The human parietal cortex exhibits a complex, specialized organization for sensorimotor functions.
  • Human-specific brain evolution has led to unique spatial arrangements of parietal areas compared to monkeys.
  • Understanding these organizational principles is key to comprehending human sensorimotor control.