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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Updated: May 3, 2026

An “All-laser” Endothelial Transplant

An “All-laser” Endothelial Transplant

Published on: July 6, 2015

Recent developments in retinal lasers and delivery systems.

Naresh Kumar Yadav, Chaitra Jayadev¹, Anand Rajendran

¹Vitreoretinal Services, Narayana Nethralaya Super specialty Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

|February 5, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advancements in photocoagulation, including pattern scan and subthreshold micropulse lasers, offer less painful and more effective treatments for retinal conditions like diabetic retinopathy. Newer yellow diode lasers also improve safety and efficacy, especially for sensitive areas like the fovea.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Technology

Background:

Photocoagulation is a standard treatment for various ocular and retinal disorders.
Technological innovations have introduced new laser mediums, wavelengths, and delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To review newer retinal photocoagulation options and their advantages.
To highlight advancements in laser technology for ophthalmic conditions.

Main Methods:

Discussion of pattern scan laser technology for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.
Exploration of subthreshold micropulse laser therapy.
Review of solid-state diode yellow laser systems.

Main Results:

Pattern scan lasers reduce treatment time and discomfort.
Subthreshold micropulse lasers achieve therapeutic effects while minimizing collateral damage.
Yellow diode lasers enable closer foveal treatment and are effective for vascular structures and varied pigmentation.

Conclusions:

Newer photocoagulation technologies offer improved efficacy and patient comfort.
These advancements provide enhanced treatment options for retinal diseases.