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Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Cell Inclusions01:27

Cell Inclusions

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Prokaryotic cells possess a variety of inclusions that play crucial roles in nutrient storage, metabolic processes, and environmental adaptation. These structures enable bacteria to thrive under fluctuating environmental conditions by storing essential resources and optimizing their metabolic efficiency.Carbon Storage: Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Glycogen GranulesBacteria frequently store excess carbon in specialized granules. Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) granules are lipid...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
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Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

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In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as...
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Properties of Clickable Caged Compounds
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Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Properties of Clickable Caged Compounds

Published on: October 15, 2019

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Carbon multi-shell cages.

M V Diudea1, A Bende, C L Nagy

  • 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany J. Street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. diudea@chem.ubbcluj.ro.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored multi-shell fullerene aggregates, finding stable, covalently bonded structures comparable to C60. These complex structures offer new possibilities in nanoscience and materials development.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Nanoscience

Background:

  • Complex chemical compounds, both natural and synthetic, exhibit multi-shell structures.
  • Fullerenes are known to aggregate into multi-shell forms, with arrangements varying based on cage geometry.
  • Understanding fullerene aggregation is key to developing novel nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally investigate the formation and stability of various fullerene aggregates.
  • To evaluate the structural integrity and bonding characteristics of multi-shell fullerene systems.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) calculations.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Modeling of fullerene aggregation and space-filling properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully modeled multi-shell fullerene aggregates with covalent bonding.
  • Demonstrated stability comparable to the benchmark C60 fullerene.
  • Observed diverse space-filling patterns dependent on constituent cage dimensions and shapes.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-shell fullerene aggregates represent a stable class of nanomaterials.
  • These structures possess properties relevant to advanced applications in nanoscience.
  • Computational methods provide a powerful tool for predicting the stability of novel fullerene architectures.