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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

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Bilateral breast cancers.

Steven A Narod1

  • 1Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada.

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
|February 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer is controversial for women without BRCA mutations. Individual risk assessment is crucial for deciding on contralateral breast removal to prevent secondary cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bilateral mastectomy is increasingly performed for unilateral breast cancer to prevent contralateral disease.
  • The decision is debated for women without high-risk mutations (e.g., BRCA1/2).
  • Individual risk stratification is essential for surgical treatment decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for contralateral breast cancer.
  • To discuss the evidence for bilateral mastectomy reducing mortality in unilateral breast cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on contralateral breast cancer risk factors.
  • Analysis of the benefits and risks of bilateral mastectomy versus alternative treatments.
  • Evaluation of mortality reduction data for contralateral mastectomy.

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Main Results:

  • Average annual contralateral breast cancer risk is 0.5%, rising to 3% in BRCA mutation carriers.
  • Risk factors include young age at diagnosis and family history.
  • Contralateral mastectomy may offer significant risk reduction (≥95%), but mortality benefits take over a decade to manifest.

Conclusions:

  • Contralateral mastectomy offers substantial risk reduction for contralateral breast cancer, particularly in high-risk individuals.
  • Adjuvant hormonal therapy provides a smaller risk reduction (approx. 50%).
  • Tailoring surgical decisions to individual risk factors is paramount.