The ultrastructure of the salt gland of Spartina foliosa

The salt gland in Spartina foliosa is composed of two cells, a large basal cell and a smaller, dome-shaped cap cell which is located on a neck-like protrusion of the basal cell. There is no cuticular layer separating the salt gland from the mesophyll tissue. The basal cell has dense cytoplasm which contains numerous mitochondria, rod-like wall protuberances, and infoldings of the plasmalemma which extend into the basal cell and partition the basal cell cytoplasm. The protuberances originate on the wall between the basal and the cap cells and are isolated from the basal-cell cytoplasm by the infoldings of the plasmalemma. While the cap cell has no partitioning membrane system or wall protuberances, it resembles the basal cell by having dense cytoplasm and numerous mitochondria.The basal cell seems to be designed for efficient movement of ions toward the cap cell. The long, dead-end extracellular channels in the basal cell of Spartina appear comparable to surface specializations seen in the secreting epithelium of animal cells which carry out solute-linked water transport. The number of mitochondria and their close association with the plasmalemma extensions suggest that they have an important role in the transfer of ions through the basal cell.The accumulated ions would move into the extracellular spaces along an osomotic gradient where the accompanying passive flow of water would move the ions into the cap-cell wall and from there the solution would pass out through the pores in the cuticle.